Ethica (first printed in B.d.S. Opera Posthuma)

Amsterdam 1677 Latin is the true first, but it does not stand alone: the Dutch De Nagelate Schriften van B.d.S. (Glazemaker's translation, Kingma & Offenberg 25) was published simultaneously in 1677, not afterward — the editorial team delivered both copy-texts to the printer together, and scholars decline to award precedence to either. Both are collected as first editions of their respective languages; the Dutch volume omits the Hebrew grammar and is therefore not a complete counterpart. There is no contemporary English edition to compete: the Ethics did not reach print in English until 1883, when W. Hale White (Trübner, London) and R.H.M. Elwes (George Bell, Bohn's Philosophical Library) both appeared — precedence between those two within 1883 is not established by the sources consulted. George Eliot's 1854-56 English translation went unpublished in her lifetime.