NMLP P-045237 · True-first precedence · minted 2026-07-19

The Life of Charlotte Brontë

Elizabeth Gaskell · Smith, Elder & Co. (London) · 1857

The London Smith, Elder two-volume edition (1857) is the true first. A first American edition appeared the same year from D. Appleton & Co., New York (1857); it follows the London printing and is collected only as the first American, not the true first. Both the first and the second editions were recalled in May 1857 under threat of libel, after which the text was substantially revised for the third edition (the so-called 'mutilated edition'), so the earlier unrevised London setting is the one collectors seek.

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New Mexico Literacy Project — True-first precedence NMLP P-045237 for "The Life of Charlotte Brontë" by Elizabeth Gaskell (https://newmexicoliteracyproject.org/id/point/p-045237, CC BY 4.0, dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21184548).