Man's Fate

French true first: Gallimard, Paris, 1933 (La Condition humaine). In English (both 1934) the novel appeared under two different titles from two publishers, and both are collected: Man's Fate (Chevalier translation; Harrison Smith & Robert Haas, New York) and Storm in Shanghai (Alastair MacDonald translation; Methuen, London — later reissued 1948 as Man's Estate). These are distinct translations, not shared sheets; priority between the two 1934 English editions is not firmly settled.